TY - JOUR
T1 - APOE ε4 and cognitive reserve effects on the functional network in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
AU - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
AU - Li, Ting
AU - Wang, Bin
AU - Gao, Yuan
AU - Wang, Xin
AU - Yan, Ting
AU - Xiang, Jie
AU - Niu, Yan
AU - Liu, Tiantian
AU - Chen, Duanduan
AU - Fang, Boyan
AU - Xie, Yunyan
AU - Funahashi, Shintaro
AU - Yan, Tianyi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, whereas educational attainments have protective effects against cognitive decline in aging and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We examined the possible effects of years of education and APOE genotype on the topological properties of the functional network in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The years of education showed a significant, negative association with the local efficiency, clustering coefficient and small-worldness of functional networks in APOE ε4 noncarriers but not in ε4 carriers. These associations were mainly observed in normal aging and were reduced in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, regions of the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, and cuneus also showed correlations between education and nodal degree. Our findings demonstrated that the protective effects of education persist in APOE ε4 noncarriers but diminish in ε4 carriers. In addition, the protective effects of education were attenuated or reduced in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
AB - The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, whereas educational attainments have protective effects against cognitive decline in aging and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We examined the possible effects of years of education and APOE genotype on the topological properties of the functional network in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The years of education showed a significant, negative association with the local efficiency, clustering coefficient and small-worldness of functional networks in APOE ε4 noncarriers but not in ε4 carriers. These associations were mainly observed in normal aging and were reduced in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, regions of the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, and cuneus also showed correlations between education and nodal degree. Our findings demonstrated that the protective effects of education persist in APOE ε4 noncarriers but diminish in ε4 carriers. In addition, the protective effects of education were attenuated or reduced in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
KW - Alzheimer’s disease
KW - Education
KW - Functional connectivity
KW - Graph theory
KW - fMRI
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083649256&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11682-020-00283-w
DO - 10.1007/s11682-020-00283-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 32314201
AN - SCOPUS:85083649256
SN - 1931-7557
VL - 15
SP - 758
EP - 771
JO - Brain Imaging and Behavior
JF - Brain Imaging and Behavior
IS - 2
ER -
