AlTiV 合金粉点火燃烧特性及 HTPB 推进剂改性

To address the technical bottleneck of conventional metal fuels, which struggle to balance high energy content and ef⁃ ficient energy release, the microstructure and composition, combustion process, and energy performance of AlTiV alloy pow⁃ ders were investigated using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS), X⁃ray diffraction(XRD), flat⁃flame burner, oxygen bomb calorimeter, and thermogravimetry⁃differential thermal analysis(TG⁃DSC). The explosion heat performance of hydroxyl⁃terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)propellants incorporated with the alloy powders was verified via an adiabatic method. The results show that AlTiV alloy powders exhibit a highly spherical morphology and a body⁃centered cubic (BCC)solid solution structure, and their combustion process proceeds through four successive stages: ignition, self⁃sustained combustion, micro⁃explosion, and dispersed combustion. Increasing titanium content shortens the ignition delay and micro⁃explosion duration while enhancing micro⁃explosion intensity. Vanadium oxides can disrupt the surface oxide layer, thus promoting the gas⁃phase combustion of aluminum vapor. Among the samples, the Al₃₀Ti₂₅V₄₅ alloy powder (designated as ATV30)delivers a combustion efficiency of 97.35% and a volumetric calorific value of 86590 J·cm^-3. It initiates rapid oxidation at 600 ℃ with an oxidation efficiency of 97.62%. When ATV30 replaces one quarter of the aluminum powder in HTPB propel⁃ lant, the volume explosion heat of the propellant increases by 2.3%. It is confirmed that AlTiV alloy powders can improve the ex⁃ plosive heat performance of propellants through the synergistic effect of micro⁃explosion and gas⁃phase combustion, providing a theoretical foundation and experimental support for the application of novel metal fuels in solid propellants.