Aging investigation of an echelon internal heating method on a three-electrode lithium ion cell at low temperatures

An echelon internal heating method based on alternating current has exhibited many advantages of high heat generation rate and thermal uniformity for fast battery heating at low temperatures. However, inappropriate parameter settings for the echelon internal heating method are prone to risk battery health due to side reactions. To address this problem, a three-electrode cell is fabricated to investigate the effect of the echelon internal heating method on cell health at low temperatures. A fractional order circuit model is used to determine the optimal current amplitude and frequency of alternating current at different temperatures for preheating the cell. After many cycles of preheating the cell, capacity calibration results and incremental capacity curves show no apparent detrimental effect of the proposed heating method on cell health.