Advances in Laser Processing Technologies for 2D Materials and Perovskite-Based Flexible Electronics

Flexible electronics, critical components in wearable devices, portable electronics, and smart systems, demand high flexibility, lightweight design, and superior performance. This review highlights laser processing technologies, particularly ultraviolet and femtosecond lasers, as transformative tools for manufacturing flexible electronics due to their noncontact, high-precision, and multimaterial compatibility advantages. It focuses on the laser fabrication of devices based on 2D materials (including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, MXenes) and perovskites. Laser patterning, laser-induced material modification, and laser thinning enable high-precision processing of 2D materials, advancing their applications in transistors, sensors, and energy storage devices. For perovskites, laser structuring and quantum dot generation optimize optoelectronic properties for solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors. This review indicates that laser processing enhances device performance, miniaturization, and multifunctionality, driving innovations in wearable and optoelectronic fields.