Achieving high-resolution pressure mapping via flexible GaN/ ZnO nanowire LEDs array by piezo-phototronic effect

Simulating human tactile sensing through high-resolution electronics is a significant and challenging topic in artificial intelligence. A flexible p-GaN film/n-ZnO nanowire light-emitting diode (LED)-based pressure sensor array, with the merits of flexibility, high resolution, good transparency, fast response, stability, and lightweight, is fabricated through laser lift-off (LLO) process and hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanowires directly on a flexible GaN film, which is used for acquiring the two-dimensional (2D) pressure distribution mapping by reading the illumination intensities from all LED pixels parallelly. The intensity of each pixel composed by a GaN/ZnO nanowire heterostructure LED can be enhanced by the local compressive strain based on piezo-phototronic effect. A high spatial resolution of 2.6 μm and a fast response time of 180 ms were obtained, and also the sensor arrays can still function well after 4000 bending circles. The promising flexible LEDs-based pressure sensor array gains some technological innovations in the field of tactile sensing, with potential applications in smart skin, biomedicine, optical MEMS, and touchpad technology.