A Miniaturized, High-Fidelity Wearable Respiration Sensing System for Diverse Physiological States Monitoring

Continuous monitoring of human respiration is essential for health assessment; however, conventional systems are often bulky and highly susceptible to environmental airflow disturbances. Herein, we report a flexible and lightweight wearable respiration sensor that integrates a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor with a laser-induced graphene (LIG) thermal actuator to establish a localized and stable thermal field, thereby enhancing signal contrast and robustness. The device performance was systematically evaluated under multidirectional environmental airflow. An interference factor was defined to quantitatively assess airflow-induced disturbances, demonstrating stable operation even under challenging conditions. Furthermore, the sensor accurately captures respiratory signals during diverse daily activities and reliably monitors sleep-related breathing patterns, including apnea-like events and snoring. These results highlight the device's high-fidelity detection capability, strong resistance to environmental interference, and broad potential for real-world wearable respiratory health monitoring.