A metal-free aerobic oxidation of nitrotoluenes catalyzed by N,N′,N″-trihydroxyisocyanuric acid (THICA) and a novel approach to the catalyst

A metal-free catalytic system with N,N′,N″-trihydroxyisocyanuric acid (THICA) as the catalyst for the oxidation of nitrotoluenes is introduced, and a novel Pd-free approach for the synthesis of THICA was developed. In a solution of acetic acid, THICA and concentrated nitric acid, nitrotoluenes especially polynitrotoluenes such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), were converted into the desired carboxylic acids under 0.2MPa of O₂ at 100°C with yields up to 99%. THICA was synthesized from N-hydroxyphtalimide through a four-step synthesis in a total yield of 46%. A possible mechanism of this catalytic process was proposed where NO₂ and nitric acid first induced a radical of THICA, which then abstracts a hydrogen atom from the methyl on the aromatic ring to form a benzyl radical. This radical then initiates subsequent reactions. The production of the benzyl radical was supported by ESR measurements.