A mean-removal multipath interference estimation scheme for optical interconnection

Jun Ming; Ze Dong; Shaonan Liu; Hailian He; Yucai Tian; Yujia Mu; Rui Wang; Yuyao Wen; Zhipei Li; Ran Gao; Xiangjun Xin

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275

A mean-removal multipath interference estimation scheme for optical interconnection

Jun Ming
, Ze Dong^*
, Shaonan Liu
, Hailian He
, Yucai Tian
, Yujia Mu
, Rui Wang
, Yuyao Wen
, Zhipei Li
, Ran Gao
, Xiangjun Xin

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Information and Electronics

Beijing Institute of Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We propose and experimentally validate a mean-removal multipath interference estimation (MRME) scheme in intensity-modulation direct-detection 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical interconnection. Departing from classical decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) methods of restricted efficacy in multipath interference (MPI) compensating due to inaccurate symbol decision influenced by instantaneous amplitude fluctuation, the proposed MRME scheme suppresses such amplitude fluctuation by using a simple sliding window based on symbol averaging. By leveraging symbol fluctuation characteristic, this offset extraction mechanism achieves superior MPI robustness compared to adaptively equalized schemes, delivering enhanced convergence behaviour in MPI equalization. Experimental validation demonstrates 120-Gb/s PAM4 interconnection over 2-km standard single-mode fiber, yielding a signal-to-interference power ratio (SIPR) gain of up to 4.1 dB at the feedforward error correction limit (BER = 3.8 × 10⁻³) compared to the biased-DD-LMS scheme.

Original language	English
Article number	114275
Journal	Optics and Laser Technology
Volume	194
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275
Publication status	Published - Feb 2026

Keywords

Multipath Interference Estimation
Optical Interconnection

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10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275

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title = "A mean-removal multipath interference estimation scheme for optical interconnection",

abstract = "We propose and experimentally validate a mean-removal multipath interference estimation (MRME) scheme in intensity-modulation direct-detection 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical interconnection. Departing from classical decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) methods of restricted efficacy in multipath interference (MPI) compensating due to inaccurate symbol decision influenced by instantaneous amplitude fluctuation, the proposed MRME scheme suppresses such amplitude fluctuation by using a simple sliding window based on symbol averaging. By leveraging symbol fluctuation characteristic, this offset extraction mechanism achieves superior MPI robustness compared to adaptively equalized schemes, delivering enhanced convergence behaviour in MPI equalization. Experimental validation demonstrates 120-Gb/s PAM4 interconnection over 2-km standard single-mode fiber, yielding a signal-to-interference power ratio (SIPR) gain of up to 4.1 dB at the feedforward error correction limit (BER = 3.8 × 10−3) compared to the biased-DD-LMS scheme.",

keywords = "Multipath Interference Estimation, Optical Interconnection",

author = "Jun Ming and Ze Dong and Shaonan Liu and Hailian He and Yucai Tian and Yujia Mu and Rui Wang and Yuyao Wen and Zhipei Li and Ran Gao and Xiangjun Xin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025",

year = "2026",

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doi = "10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275",

language = "English",

volume = "194",

journal = "Optics and Laser Technology",

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T1 - A mean-removal multipath interference estimation scheme for optical interconnection

AU - Ming, Jun

AU - Dong, Ze

AU - Liu, Shaonan

AU - He, Hailian

AU - Tian, Yucai

AU - Mu, Yujia

AU - Wang, Rui

AU - Wen, Yuyao

AU - Li, Zhipei

AU - Gao, Ran

AU - Xin, Xiangjun

PY - 2026/2

Y1 - 2026/2

N2 - We propose and experimentally validate a mean-removal multipath interference estimation (MRME) scheme in intensity-modulation direct-detection 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical interconnection. Departing from classical decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) methods of restricted efficacy in multipath interference (MPI) compensating due to inaccurate symbol decision influenced by instantaneous amplitude fluctuation, the proposed MRME scheme suppresses such amplitude fluctuation by using a simple sliding window based on symbol averaging. By leveraging symbol fluctuation characteristic, this offset extraction mechanism achieves superior MPI robustness compared to adaptively equalized schemes, delivering enhanced convergence behaviour in MPI equalization. Experimental validation demonstrates 120-Gb/s PAM4 interconnection over 2-km standard single-mode fiber, yielding a signal-to-interference power ratio (SIPR) gain of up to 4.1 dB at the feedforward error correction limit (BER = 3.8 × 10−3) compared to the biased-DD-LMS scheme.

AB - We propose and experimentally validate a mean-removal multipath interference estimation (MRME) scheme in intensity-modulation direct-detection 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) optical interconnection. Departing from classical decision-directed least mean square (DD-LMS) methods of restricted efficacy in multipath interference (MPI) compensating due to inaccurate symbol decision influenced by instantaneous amplitude fluctuation, the proposed MRME scheme suppresses such amplitude fluctuation by using a simple sliding window based on symbol averaging. By leveraging symbol fluctuation characteristic, this offset extraction mechanism achieves superior MPI robustness compared to adaptively equalized schemes, delivering enhanced convergence behaviour in MPI equalization. Experimental validation demonstrates 120-Gb/s PAM4 interconnection over 2-km standard single-mode fiber, yielding a signal-to-interference power ratio (SIPR) gain of up to 4.1 dB at the feedforward error correction limit (BER = 3.8 × 10−3) compared to the biased-DD-LMS scheme.

KW - Multipath Interference Estimation

KW - Optical Interconnection

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023950982

U2 - 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275

DO - 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114275

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105023950982

SN - 0030-3992

VL - 194

JO - Optics and Laser Technology

JF - Optics and Laser Technology

M1 - 114275

ER -

A mean-removal multipath interference estimation scheme for optical interconnection

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Keywords

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