A lateral-axis micromachined tuning fork gyroscope with torsional Z-sensing and electrostatic force-balanced driving

A single-crystal silicon-based lateral-axis tuning-fork gyroscope (TFG) with electrostatic force-balanced (EFB) driving and torsional z-sensing is presented. The EFB comb drive used in this TFG can efficiently suppress the mechanical coupling in a simple manner. The TFG structure is also optimized to further reduce the coupling. Moreover, the Coriolis acceleration-induced out-of-plane rotation of the sensing mode is detected by using bending springs and differential comb fingers. This z-sensing design has relatively high Q, so this gyroscope can work at atmospheric pressure. This TFG design has been fabricated and tested. Measured in air, the device demonstrates a sensitivity of 2.9 mV/°/s, a full range of 800° s^-1 with a 0.9% nonlinearity and the noise floor of 0.035°/s/Hz^1/2. This TFG design also has very low coupling, where the measured drive-to-sense coupling and sense-to-drive coupling are -45 dB and -51 dB, respectively.