A dual-functional polyoxomolybdate@COF nanoplatform for synergistic chemo-photodynamic tumor therapy

The development of innovative drug delivery systems for POMs-based nanomedicines with enhanced targeting and efficient multi-modal therapeutic capabilities is crucial for tumor therapy. Herein, a novel POMo@COF-PEG nanoplatform by integrating mixed-valence polyoxomolybdate (POMo) into a photosensitive covalent organic framework (COF) has been successfully developed. This nanoplatform exhibited a synergistic COF-based photodynamic therapy effect and a POMo-based chemotherapy effect to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Various in vitro and in vivo studies including proteomic analysis and Western blot experiments demonstrated for the first time that the POMo could regulate the apoptosis signaling pathway by inhibiting the 4T1 cell proliferation via an apoptosis pathway. The present study provides valuable insights in developing novel polyoxometalate (POM)-based anti-tumor nanodrugs.