A comprehensive study on heat transfer mechanism and thermal runaway suppression of the lithium‐ion battery

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for energy conversion and storage, but they suffer from significant performance and safety problems due to overheating and thermal runaway. High power charging and discharging puts forward higher requirements on the thermal control capability of lithium-ion batteries. Understanding the heat transfer mechanism inside lithium-ion batteries and suppressing thermal runaway are core issues related to the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries. This work summarizes the heat transfer process between batteries and the multi-scale heat transfer mechanisms inside a single battery. Moreover, this article analyzes the thermal management and corresponding heat transfer methods of lithium-ion batteries. Finally, improving battery materials and structures, optimizing system design can suppress the propagation of thermal runaway and improve battery safety, which is a key issue in the design, manufacturing, and service of lithium-ion batteries. This article emphasizes the key role of heat transfer mechanism and thermal runaway suppression in maintaining safe, efficient, and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries. Which provide new ideas and directions for improving the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries and large-sized lithium-ion battery packs.