高标准农田的租约安排：现状、问题 与对策

The standardization，stabilization and long‐term of well‐facilitated farmland lease is very important to realize the moderate scale operation of agriculture and ensure national food security， but there are few studies on the factual characteristics and existing problems of well‐facilitated farmland lease arrangement in systematic geography. In this regard，based on the lease data of 5 015 transferred plots in 472 villages，79 counties，14 provinces in China rural revitalization survey in 2024， this paper combs the current situation， characteristics and problems of well‐facilitated farmland lease arrangements. The results show that：The resource endowment of well‐facilitated farmland has the characteristics of being close to the residence，less connected with other operating plots，higher proportion of irrigable land and higher proportion of flat terrain. The characteristics of the lease contract of well‐facilitated farmland are as follows： the intermediary platform for the transmission of lease information，the socialization of the contracting object（impersonal transaction of the lease）， the standardization of the lease form， the stabilization and long‐term of the lease term， the profitability and monetization of the rent form， and the “one‐year payment” of the rent. The resource utilization characteristics of well‐facilitated farmland are more quality protection and improvement technologies，more used for planting food crops，higher total cost investment and unit yield level. The lease arrangement of well‐facilitated farmland is faced with the problems that the source of transaction information is mainly private transactions，52% of leases occurring among relatives and neighbors，47% of the leases have not signed a written agreement，53% of the leases have not clearly agreed on the term，the rise in rent may lead to“non‐granitization”，and the rent payment system may induce the risk of“breaking the contract and abandoning the farmland”. Finally， suggestions were put forward to cultivate intermediary organization trading platforms，establish long‐term mechanisms for standardized，stable，and long‐term lease agreements，establish a risk guarantee system for the transfer of high standard farmland，and implement incentive mechanisms for grain production.