面 向 低 空 经 济 的 通 信 技 术 综 述

With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, the scale of low-altitude aircraft operations continues to expand, and the demand for efficient and reliable communication networks is becoming increasingly urgent. Current communication technologies fail to meet the stringent demands of low-altitude applications in terms of wide-area coverage,high-mobility support,and diverse service provisioning. This stark disparity necessitates the development of a novel,dedicated network architecture. This paper begins by elucidating the technical background and unique challenges inherent to low-altitude communication, addressing critical issues such as the modeling of high-dynamic complex channels,three-dimensional mobility management, intelligent sensing for obstacle avoidance, quality-of-service assurance for heterogeneous services,and efficient spectrum utilization. Subsequently,this paper provides a systematic exposition from two dimensions:The evolution of network architectures and the development of key technologies for low-altitude communication. It delves into the principles and state-of-the-art of core solutions,including space-air-ground-integrated networking,intelligent beamforming,and dynamic resource management. Finally,this paper outlines promising research directions,such as integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)as well as native intelligence and security,with the aim of offering a theoretical foundation and technical insights for constructing next-generation low-altitude communication networks.