面向人本智造的新一代操作工：参考架构、使能技术与典型场景

Operator is the most flexible and initiative element in manufacturing systems. The emerging information technologies empower rapid improvements of efficiency and quality in manufacturing systems, while also enhancing operators with diverse capabilities in perception, perception and control. In human-centric smart manufacturing era, the traditional operators were unable to adapt to new scenes, technologies and problems, thus the new-generation operators (also called Operator 4.0) was proposed, studied and implemented. Based on operator functions in manufacturing system, the evolutions of operators' roles are analyzed from the perspectives of industrial revolutions. Also, the connotation of Operator 4.0 is analyzed in the context of human-cyber-physical systems. According to the task characteristics and technical scheme, Operator 4.0 can be divided into different types, including strength operator, cognitive enhancement operator, cooperative operator, etc. The reference architecture of Operator 4.0 is proposed from the perspectives of perceptive thread, cognitive thread and control thread. Key enabling technologies of Operator 4.0 are discussed, including exoskeleton, augmented reality, wearable technology, artificial intelligence, etc. Finally, the typical applications scenarios of Operator 4.0 are discussed, including augmented reality-aided complicated product assembly, industrial robot-aided manufacturing and virtual reality-aided manufacturing training, which reflect the application potential and effectiveness of Operator 4.0. This work is expected to provide references for the scientific research, technological development and practical applications of human-centric smart manufacturing.