连续弧段空间目标群全时段监测组网构型优化

The deployment and commercialization of large-scale mega-constellations are the main development trend of satellite constellations at present. Owing to deployment strategies and mission implementation constraints，such mega-constellations exhibit a distinct feature of tightly clustered distribution in continuous arcs. To address the observation requirements for space object groups distributed in continuous arcs in large-scale low Earth orbit constellations，an optimization design method for full-time monitoring network configuration is proposed. First，a network configuration design model is constructed based on the orbital characteristics of monitored target arcs and monitoring mission constraints. By integrating the coverage band stitching theory and relative motion dynamics，the spatiotemporal geometric correlation between the field of view of monitoring satellites and the orbital evolution of target satellite groups is established. Based on the geometric features of overlapping spatial fields of view，two design methods of network configuration，namely lateral intersection stitching and bottom intersection stitching，are proposed. Taking the critical condition for seamless monitoring of the target group in heterogeneous fields of view as the constraint，the analytical geometric expressions of the phase of adjacent satellites in the constellation are inversely derived，realizing the analytical calculation of monitoring network configuration parameters under multi-dimensional geometric constraints. The NSGA-Ⅲ multi-objective optimization algorithm based on non-dominated sorting is introduced to conduct secondary optimization for the configuration parameters not fully covered by the analytical framework，achieving a global search for the optimal configuration parameters for any specific arc monitoring while ensuring computational efficiency. Numerical simulations and analyses verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization design framework. Furthermore，the analysis of the performance of the optimal configuration in various metric dimensions under different payload parameters provides a basis for parameter selection in the design of target group monitoring network schemes and payload selection.