燃料电池分布式供能技术发展现状及分析

Fuel cell power generation technology is characterized by high efficiency, low pollution, and low noise. Furthermore, fuel cells combined with CO₂ capture technologies can realize the near-zero emission. Thus, the fuel cell has become a key technology in the distributed energy field and an important direction in the development of distributed energy field. The characteristics, types and applications of the fuel cell based distributed energy supply systems are reviewed in this paper, and the status of the policy planning and technological development at home and abroad are summarized. Then, the development trend in the field of distributed fuel cell energy supply in China is discussed. It is expected that PEMFC and SOFC technologies with hydrogen and natural gas as the main fuel types will be widely used in the future. Combined heat and power systems used in large public places such as communities, hospitals and schools are currently the focus of breakthroughs, which is proper for commercial promotion. Finally, in view of the development and promotion of distributed energy supply technology for fuel cells in our country, it is pointed out that the future development of the technology needs to consider economy and safety comprehensively, and focus on breaking through the localization of fuel cell key technologies. Furthermore, the subsidy policy and technical standards should be improved for distributed fuel cell-based energy supply systems to further promote its industrial application.