涡轮变几何技术的研究及应用进展

The proposal and development of the variable geometry turbine utilized in gas turbines were systematically reviewed, and its applications in automotive, marine, power generation, and aviation propulsion were examined. Based on theoretical analysis, experimental investigations, and numerical simulations, the roles of turbine variable geometry in broadening the operating range, optimizing cycle parameters, and enhancing part-load performance were summarized. The current understanding of flow loss mechanisms associated with incidence angle, tip clearance, and stage matching was also clarified, and prospects for new concepts, new technologies, and potential applications were outlined. The findings indicated that the variable geometry turbine is a key design technology for high-performance gas turbines, while variable cycle engines represent a promising new application area. Future research is expected to focus on adjustment methods for variable geometry, leakage-flow control in clearances, blade profile optimization for wide-incidence adaptation, and matching strategy for flow-path components in the whole engine. In addition, the aerodynamic and overall performance impacts of the dynamic process of geometric variation should be regarded as an important subject of investigation.