消毒剂卫可施用对猪粪污厌氧消化系统运行及微生物多样性的影响

To comprehensively evaluate the degree of damage caused by the application of a large number of disinfectants to the anaerobic fermentation system of manure in pig farms, Virkon^TM disinfectant was selected as the research object. The effects of 0.05% and 0.5% Virkon^TM on CH4 production, water pollutant degradation, and microbial communities in the system were explored through anaerobic wet fermentation with one-time feeding in the Automatic Methane Potential Test System Ⅱ. The results showed that Virkon^TM could inhibit the production of CH4, increase COD, and greatly promote the release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the anaerobic fermentation system. The maximum gas production rate of the control check group(CK group), 0.05%, and 0.5% Virkon^TM groups(L group and H group, respectively)were(23.54±0.06),(18.90±1.49)mL·g^-1·d^-1, and(7.73±0.01)mL·g^-1·d^-1, respectively. The total CH4 production of groups L and H decreased by 7.53% and 92.60%(P<0.001), respectively. While the CH4 rate constant decreased from 0.267 d^-1(CK group)to 0.225 d^-1 (L group). In terms of physical and chemical indicators: on the 0th day(start-up phase)and the 12th day(end phase), in the H group compared with the CK group, COD increased by 148.77% and 368.97%, TP increased by 214.11% and 498.12%, NH3-N increased by 64.79% and 44.37%, and TN increased by 68.77% and 53.30%, respectively. Simultaneously, all of them showed significant differences. High-throughput sequencing found that Virkon^TM caused significant changes the composition, diversity and abundance of bacterial communities in the anaerobic systems. The Ace, Chao, and Shannon indexes in the L and H groups were lower than those in the CK group, while the opposite was seen for the Simpson index. The Firmicutes was found to be the first dominant bacterial group, followed by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of other microorganisms were all lower than 5%, and Firmicutes increased with the increase of Virkon^TM concentration, but Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes were the opposite. And even Thermotogae and Cloacimonetes disappeared due to high doses of Virkon^TM. At the genus level, Trichococcus decreased from 42%–59% to 12%–30%; in contrast, Peptostreptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Macellibacteroides were increased significantly.