极大空间结构在轨组装的动力学与控制

On-orbit assembly of ultra-large space structures serves as the technological foundation for future space missions including high-capacity space-based communications, high-precision space-based observations and space-based solar power stations. It holds significant scientific and engineering values. Addressing the demands for assembling ultra-large structures like 100-m parabolic antennas on orbit, this review article surveys the research progress and challenges in the dynamics and control of ultra-large space structures assembled on orbit. The article focuses on five key aspects, including the overall assembly design and its dynamic problems, the dynamic modeling and computation of flexible multibody systems, the motion planning and control of robots, the dynamic verification and adjustment of assembly outcomes, and the ground simulation experiments. It highlights the necessity of solving critical issues such as the multi-scaled spatiotemporal coupling dynamics of flexible components undergoing large overall motions, the efficient motion planning and accurate control method of robots, and the thermal-mechanically coupled error verification and adjustment strategies. As such, the necessity requires a comprehensive research framework integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and ground experimental validation to realize the ultra-large space structures in a scale from 100 to 1000 m. Finally, the article outlines research priorities for the next decade, including the efficient dynamics modeling, the motion planning and control of robots in complex environments, the dynamic prediction and adjustment of multi-module closed-loop assembly, and the earth-space consistent experiment validation systems, providing systematic suggestions for promoting the on-orbit assembly technology of ultra-large space structures.