智柔超材料及其力学性能的研究进展

Mechanical metamaterials (or meta-structures) exhibit extraordinary physical and mechanical properties duc to their unique microstructural designs. By combining the design ideas of mechanical metamaterials with intelligent and flexible materials (IFMs), it is possiblc to crcatc intelligent flexible mechanical metamaterials (IFMMs) with self-sensing and self-actuating capabilities. This paper takes conven-tional mechanical metamaterials as a starting point and analyzes the fundamental design ideas, deformation mechanisms, and mechanical properties of IFMMs. According to recent research progress on IFMMs, this novel metamaterial is categorized as mechanical metamaterial based on shape memory polymers (SMPs), hydrogcl, magnetoactive soft materials, and dielectric elastomers, with a particular focus on the first two types. On the basis of our previous work, wc present a general approach that utilizes analytical methods and numerical simulations to analyze the mechanical properties of negative Poisson's ratio, negative expan-sion, and multi-stable metamaterials under the assumptions of small deformation and large deformation with multi-field coupling, respectively. In the case of small deformation, the use of beam theory and ener-gy methods proves to be essential for obtaining fundamental mechanical Parameters of the materials. More-over, aecurate constitutive models and numerical implementation under large deformation and multi-field coupling offer the possibility to analyze more complex deformations and struetures. In addition, the prepa-ration and Performance testing of IFMMs remain crucial. Advanced manufacturing techniques have intro-duced new opportunities for the preparation of IFMMs, and currently, various methods are available to ef-fectively prepare these materials. The Performance testing of IFMMs includes both experiments applicable to traditional materials and specialized experiments only for IFMs. Finally, this paper concludes by high-lighting some key issues and potential trends of IFMMs. These challenges primarily revolve around materi-al properties, fabrication methods, mechanical models, and structural designs. This review may bring ben-eficial inspiration for the future developmcnt of IFMMs.