星间链路技术发展与标准化研究

Against the backdrop of the large-scale development of satellite constellations for internet, navigation and remote sensing, inter-satellite link technology, as a core supporting technology for satellite networking, faces the demand for standardization. To this end, the current status of inter-satellite link technology in domestic and foreign relay satellites, navigation satellites and mega-constellations are systematically reviewed, with a focus on analyzing the frequency band application, data transmission characteristics, and engineering challenges of microwave and laser links. By summarizing the technological evolution trends, a classification and standardization framework is proposed: for microwave links, the standardization of continuous microwave inter-satellite links and time-division microwave inter-satellite links is mainly considered, with a focus on planning parameters in the Ka band to achieve data transmission rates ranging from 4 kbps to 100 Mbps. For laser links, five terminal types are defined based on standardized parameters and application scenarios, including Earth-Moon space, medium-high orbit backbone and low orbit access, to achieve rate classification from 10 Mbps to 100 Gbps, and an implementation path of“unified planning-decentralized project initiation”is constructed. The research results provide a scientific basis for cross-domain collaboration and large-scale development of space information networks.