多级协同调控对聚氨酯弹性体力学及抗冲击性能的影响

To address the challenges of complex fabrication processes, the 95 MPa strength barrier, and insufficient impact resistance in conventional high-strength polyurethanes, this study aims to develop high-performance impact-resistant polyurethane elastomers for vibration-damping and buffering applications. A one-step synthesis process was employed, using PM 200 as the hard segment. The effects of tuning the crosslinker ratios and contents, as well as incorporating rigid soft-segment components, on the crosslinked structure, hydrogen-bonding interactions, microphase separation, and mechanical properties of polyurethanes were systematically investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and mechanical property measurements. Through multi-parameter optimization, the resulting high-strength and high-impact-resistance polyurethane elastomer exhibited a tensile strength of 99.87 MPa, an ultrahigh static compressive strength of 263 MPa, a dynamic compressive energy absorption of 63.60 MJ/m³, and an impact energy of 142.3 kJ/m² under an 11 J pendulum impact, showing excellent comprehensive performance. This study optimized the mechanical and impact-resistant properties of polyurethane through multi-component synergistic regulation. Moreover, the simple and efficient one-step process, suitable for large-scale production, provides a viable technical solution and formulation design strategy for the industrial application of polyurethanes in vibration damping and buffering.