基于杂环 NH 硝化的 N-NO₂型富氮含能化合物的研究进展

As a typical energetic substituent,N-NO₂ group exhibits high work capacity and is fundamental to the energy release of typical explosives such as RDX,HMX,and CL20. Nitrogenrich heterocyclic energetic compounds have garnered extensive research interest due to their high enthalpy of formation,high density,and environmental compatibility. However,the introduction of N-NO₂ is significant challenging due to the varying electrophilic reactivity of the NH sites in nitrogenrich frameworks and the metastable structures of the energetic molecules. Therefore,summarizing the synthesis reactions and properties of various nitrogenrich frameworks containing N-NO₂ is of great importance for the development of novel energetic materials with practical applications. This review categorizes nitrogenrich energetic frameworks and summarizes the synthesis and properties of N-NO₂ in imidazole,pyrazole,triazole,and sixmembered nitrogenrich energetic heterocyclic compounds. The future development potential and research trend of nitrogenrich energetic compounds with N-NO₂ nitration of heterocyclic NH groups are also prospected,so as to provide a valuable reference and guidance for the skeleton design,multifunctional group synergistic effect and synthesis of new N-NO₂ based energetic materials.