在弹道冲击条件下超高分子量聚乙烯纤维复合材料板破坏模式

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely used in the protective field due to its lightweight and exceptional mechanical properties, which can effectively resist projectile impacts. However, the micro-scale anti-penetration mechanism and ballistic impact damage modes of UHMWPE remain to be further investigated. This study focuses on two-dimensional woven and unidirectional (UD) UHMWPE composites, establishing a finite element analysis model for ballistic impacts that considers the microstructural characteristics of fiber-reinforced composites. Numerical simulations of normal and oblique penetration were conducted for composite targets with varying thicknesses and fiber layer counts,and the results were compared with experimental data to verify their reliability. Subsequently,the damage modes and energy absorption characteristics of the composite plates under different impact conditions were investigated. The results indicate that the damage modes of the composite plates are similar across different speeds,with lower speeds resulting in larger deformation areas and less energy absorption, reflecting a tendency for the material to experience extensive plastic deformation rather than localized brittle fracture under low-speed impacts. As the penetration angle decreases,the interaction time between the projectile and the target material significantly increases, enhancing energy transfer and absorption. This study not only delves into the ballistic impact mechanical response of UHMWPE composites,but also clarifies the damage modes and energy absorption mechanisms of the material under different impact conditions,providing a solid theoretical foundation for the design of composite plates with high-efficiency anti-penetration performance.