国家水网对中国地级市水资源短缺的缓解效果评估

To assess the effectiveness of the National Water Network (NWN) in alleviating water shortages in China's prefecture-level cities, this paper collects detailed data on water diversion projects that were completed and began supplying water by the end of 2022. The water shortage Situation in each prefecture-level city was evaluated under two scenarios; with and without water diversion projects, in order to analyze the impact of NWN on alleviating water shortages. The study shows that, without water diversion projects, 95 cities in China face water shortages, with an annual average water shortage of 50.56 billion m. By the end of 2022, a total of 76 water diversion projects had been completed and put into Operation, with a designed water diversion capacity of approximately 66.8 billion m per year. The water allocation enabled by the NWN can alleviate water shortages in 62 cities, with 31 of these cities transitioning from water —deficient to water-sufficient, mainly concentrated in the Beijing — Tianjin-Hebei region and parts of Henan and Zhejiang provinces. Additionally, the NWN has increased the proportion of a-vailable water in some provincial capitals such as Xi' an, Changchun, and Guangzhou, as well as economically developed cities such as Dalian, Luoyang, and Yantai, ensuring stable and secure urban water supplies. The findings of this study provide a reference for future planning of the NWN and adjustments to related industrial poli-cies.