固态金属锂负极界面研究进展

Developing next-generation batteries with high safety and energy density are crucial for electric vehicles, portable electronics and renewable energy utilization. This paper firstly summarizes the solid-state electrolytes and interfacial properties, including the ion transportation mechanisms and classification of solid-state electrolytes. The limited solid-solid interfacial contacts between Li metal anodes and solid-state electrolytes are major obstacles for the application of solid-state Li metal batteries. The interface evolution properties dominate the performances of solid-state batteries, which are mechanical-chemical-electrochemical coupled processes. Afterwards, this paper reviews the battery interface failure mechanisms and construction strategies, indicating that interface failures include battery short circuits induced by dendritic Li deposition and contact loss caused by voids accumulation and interfacial side reactions. Strategies towards solving the interfacial issues include the use of wetting agents, the introduction of a buffer layer and the construction of porous scaffolds for a structured electrode. The paper concludes that, advanced computation techniques and characteristic methods afford an emerging opportunity to understand the solid-solid interfaces and develop solid-state Li metal batteries with great prospects. The synergism from interface chemistry, materials science and systems engineering will jointly promote the development of next-generation energy storage devices with enhanced safety and energy density.