亚声速针栓燃气阀和超声速针栓燃气阀性能对比

The needle gas valve is a critical component for energy management in solid-propellant attitude and orbit control rocket engines. Needle gas valves can be classified into subsonic and supersonic configurations. These two valve types primarily operate in subsonic and supersonic flow regimes, respectively,and exhibit distinct working characteristics and application scenarios. The CFD numerical simulation method was employed to analyze flow losses,valve stem loads,and thermochemical ablation of both valve configurations under multiple opening levels. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages between these two structural designs was also conducted. The results indicated that flow losses for both valve configurations decreased with the increasing opening levels. Under identical operating conditions,the supersonic gas valve exhibited higher flow losses compared with the subsonic configuration. At different opening levels,the supersonic valve demonstrated more stable load forces on the valve stem,with significantly lower loads at large openings. Additionally,the structural dimensions of the valve stem exerted a substantial influence on the valve load distribution. The thermochemical ablation rate at the subsonic valve stem was five times higher than that of the supersonic valve stem. Conversely, the ablation rate at the throat of the supersonic valve chamber was 1.5 times greater than that observed in the subsonic valve.