Delivery and therapeutic application of neutralizing antibodies

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) have been extensively employed as promising prophylactic and therapeutic reagents for preventing or treating infections, cancers, and inflammation-related diseases. However, their effectiveness is generally limited by short half-life, poor biodistribution, low bioavailability, and potential immunogenicity. To address these challenges, developing delivery systems to enhance biocompatibility, reduce swift immune clearance in vivo, and enable effective and targeted delivery of NAbs is critical. Herein, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art achievements in the delivery strategies and therapeutic application of NAbs. First, a brief description of the mechanism of action and classification of NAbs is provided. Next, we highlight the examination of literature pertinent to the delivery platforms, routes of administration, and therapeutic applications of NAbs. We hope this review can provide valuable insights for designing next-generation NAbs that integrate precise delivery strategies and administration routes tailored to specific therapeutic needs.